It isn’t called the change of life for nothing. It’s a major transition — one that affects not only your reproductive organs, but the rest of you as well. According to the American College of Obstetrics and Gynecology (ACOG), these changes are triggered by a reduction in the body’s production of estrogen and progesterone—two hormones essential for reproduction. o As hormone levels decline, egg production by the ovaries slows, and menstrual cycles become irregular or infrequent—eventually stopping altogether.
When Menopause Occurs
Menopause usually takes place between the ages of 45 and 55, although age and duration vary. While menopause occurs naturally for most women, it can also result from surgical removal of ovaries and some types of cancer treatment.
Menopause Symptoms
According to the ACOG, as the production of estrogen and progesterone diminish, the body responds in a variety of ways, possibly including:
- Hot flashes and/or night sweats
- Racing or irregular heartbeat
- Insomnia
- Headaches
- Joint pain
- Leg cramps and restless leg
- Mood swings, irritability, depression, anxiety and forgetfulness
- Decreased libido or reduced sexual responsiveness
- Vaginal dryness and pain during intercourse
- Weight gain or metabolism changes
- Thinning hair or dry skin
- Urinary incontinence or frequent urination
Hormone Replacement Therapy
Hormone replacement therapy is the most common treatment for menopause symptoms. Your doctor can help you sort through the issues, weighing factors such as your medical history, the severity of your menopause symptoms, how far menopause has progressed and the different types of therapies available.
If hormone replacement therapy isn’t right for you, there are other ways to treat menopause symptoms. Low doses of antidepressants and other prescription medications provide relief for many women.
There are also measures that don’t involve prescription drugs, such as:
- Limiting caffeine and alcohol
- Dressing in layers you can remove when a hot flash hits
- Practicing slow, deep breathing when you feel a flash coming on
- Using relaxation techniques such as meditation or yoga
- Using vaginal lubricants to prevent discomfort during sexual activity
Discuss Options with Your Doctor
Although menopause is a natural biological process—not an illness—it’s important to talk to your doctor when you experience symptoms such as irregular periods, disrupted sleep, or persistent mood changes. Your doctor can assess where you are in the transition, recommend tests if appropriate, and help you make informed decisions about treatment options suited to your individual needs.
